Tungsten

Machinability with Precision Tools: Tungsten can be machined, though it requires specialized, high-quality tools. Precision machining allows for the creation of intricate components for industries like electronics. For instance, micro-machining techniques can shape tungsten into tiny electrodes for semiconductor manufacturing.

Forming through Hot Working: Due to its high melting point, hot working methods are often employed. Hot forging and rolling can transform tungsten into desired shapes, such as in the production of tungsten-based alloy bars used in aerospace applications. The elevated temperature softens the metal enough to be shaped while maintaining its strength - enhancing properties.

Malleability under Specific Conditions: With proper pre-treatment and controlled processing, tungsten shows malleability. It can be hammered or pressed into thin sheets, which are useful in applications where a high-density, heat-resistant barrier is needed, like in certain radiation-shielding materials.

Weldability with Specialized Techniques: Welding tungsten demands specialized processes like electron beam welding. This enables the joining of tungsten parts to create larger structures, for example, in the construction of high-temperature furnace components where the integrity of the weld is crucial.

Ductility for Wire Drawing (with Effort): Although challenging, tungsten can be drawn into wires. Specialized drawing processes, often involving multiple steps and high-pressure dies, are used. These tungsten wires are highly valued in applications such as incandescent lamp filaments due to their high melting point and excellent electrical resistance.

Low Tool Wear in Some Cases: When using appropriate cutting tools and machining parameters, the wear on tools during tungsten processing can be managed. This is important for cost-effective production, as the high cost of tungsten and tooling makes minimizing tool replacement a priority.

Surface Finish Achievability: Through careful polishing and finishing techniques, tungsten can achieve a smooth surface finish. This is essential for applications where surface smoothness impacts functionality, such as in the manufacturing of high-precision optical mirrors or mechanical components with tight tolerances.

Heat - Treatment - Induced Property Tuning: Heat treatment can significantly modify tungsten's mechanical properties. By varying the heating and cooling rates, the hardness, toughness, and ductility of tungsten can be adjusted to better suit the requirements of different manufacturing processes and end-use applications.